Conceptual Colouring in book
I entered the Philosophies Course at KTH, led by Hélène Frichot and Daniel Koch, hoping to test- drive an artistic PhD. I wished to learn more about ways of making the implicit actions in the art jewellery field explicit not only through objects but also through verbal language. Adding philosophy to my jewellery practice was very new to me, and it is still quite new within the field, therefore not many role models are available. How and why does one make a PhD in jewellery? How could the processes and results look? Other fields, such as architecture, are a valuable source of information in this quest. The course helped me to find entry points into connecting philosophy and my artistic practice. I discovered not only many new words but also ways of creating. My conceptual toolbox consists of snapshots of these entry points, thought processes and experiments.
Heterogenesis, everywhere
While burning wood, scrubbing it and burning it again and again, I have some time to think. The Philosophies course is still very present in my mind, but I cannot get lost in the intensity of my thoughts because I need to focus on the fire, a demanding/attention seeking element. I have space for my thoughts to roll around in the background, though. Then, my focus comes back to what my hands are doing. Even though the burner is a rough tool, I can use it quite precisely. When I cool the wood in water and start scrubbing off the charcoal surface, I feel with my hands every little bump, every line, every change since the last scrubbing. I go back to the burner and follow the same lines with the flame, either erasing them or defining them more, depending on how the water moves, comes up to the surface, and then evaporates. I think of what Félix Guattari said in The Three Ecologies about heterogenesis: “Individuals must become both more united and increasingly different” (p.45). Initially, I perceived this as an opposition. The more I think about what it could mean, and how it can be applied, the more these two elements turn into complements. When I, as an individual become more united with my community and surrounding, I am more committed to it. At the same time, when I become increasingly different, I am more aware of myself. My actions and their consequences and I become more responsible, which connects back to my commitment. Looking at what my hands are doing at this moment, I see the actions of my burning in the wood. I see heterogenesis in my work process, at this precise moment: it is the way I watch over the details in my wood, how they change, how precious they are to me, and how aggressively and firmly I burn the wood down to a small piece. Both are necessary to create the tension and delicacy I am searching for in my work; they do not oppose but rather enrich each other. These two examples, of how I can begin to understand heterogenesis, remain in my mind for the following days. I talk to friends and colleagues about it. We agree that we are very accustomed to think in dualities. It is quite a challenge to endure seemingly opposing things, feelings, thoughts, etc., to just give them space, to not judge them as two sides of a coin, as an either/or, but let them be equals, floating around. Even in this example I continue to think binary, but our world is composed of so many elements, and heterogenesis is not a dual system. So: I am not only a committed, responsible human. I am a committed, responsible and emotional human. I am a committed, responsible, emotional l and stubborn human. I am a committed, responsible, emotional, stubborn and foolish human. All at the same time and with the same right to exist. How nice.
I continue working on my burned piece of wood. It has become thin and fragile. As it is now, I do not like it because it is stuck in between different kinds of shapes and messages. Is it not dual, hence not contrasted enough for me? Indeed, I would prefer it to be thin and strong or thick and fragile. It is very hard for me to endure its current indecision. Is indecision the opposite of heterogenesis? Or is it a part of it? Where is the connection between a united, different individual and my abeyant piece of wood? United and different is what I am looking for in my work, not indecision. So, how can the piece move from indecisive to heterogenic? This is what I need to find out. Go.
Objects in a home – part 1
Our group of attendees of the Philosophies Course visit Louis in his temporary home, which is situated in the greenhouse at Färgfabriken. Together with his family, he has lived inside a public exhibition for two months. As part of his project presentation to us, Louis reads out loud two letters that describe the intention of this project. I close my eyes to better follow his words, and I find it hard to take in the dense information and lose hold of the words. When he finishes, I open my eyes again, and immediately I am captured by all the objects around me. The objects in this in-between space are demanding my attention. I wonder: where did they come from? In which new and old contexts do they live here now? How did they get here? Someone asks about all the plants in the greenhouse. They are from his backyard in Puerto Rico, Louis explains. Some plants look really strange and foreign to me. Other plants, like the basil and the peppermint are from Swedish supermarkets. I recognise the typical little black pots, about 50 of them. The herbs have grown three times the size of what one would expect to see in a kitchen. Even though the supermarket variation of herbs is not meant to last long, they have grown wild and big, reclaiming some of their natural plantness. Louis tells us that the construction of this home is, within a budget, sustainable. The beams are from Swedish pines and the installation framework will be donated after the exhibition is over, nothing goes to waste. I wonder what will happen to the smaller stuff? The home is filled with objects, piles of things sit on the kitchen table, the sink and inside the little rooms. The amount is quite astonishing to me, considering this space exists only for a limited period of time. Some objects are obviously not from Sweden but from a country which is exotic to me. They attract me with their thingness, their generous projection surface, and I feel free to attach to them. Other objects are very personal, marked by frequent touching, and it is hard to read their history or their meaning and function. They do not invite me into their world because they are closed and obviously occupied by Louis and his family.
These two categories of objects add to the picture of the creative artist. I am invited to see the artist’s mess. I begin to enjoy my role as a voyeur, which initially felt quite uncomfortable and forced upon me. I also notice a candlestick and a lampshade, typical Swedish design from renowned department stores. Most Swedes with a good income will have them in their homes, too. These objects facilitate relating to the situation, to Louis and his family. They make a big group of people feel at home in the exhibition which I imagine helpful for the family actual living here. Or does the effect make visitors feel too comfortable and maybe overextend their welcome?
Then, I am almost shocked, when I recognise kitchen utensils from Ikea. The presence of Ikea in this displayed home suddenly questions the ecological and holistic aspect of the project. Or does it make this home more believable because millions of people have objects from Ikea at their home? Now, the whole Western world together with China and Russia, can relate to the project. By including objects made from a multinational company in the project, everyone gets an entry point. Could this entry point be the secret most important part of this home project? I am still so enchanted by the exotic things, like the enormous, strangely-shaped carpet hanging in the entrance, that the contrast to the Ikea objects pulls me out of the romantic magic into an interesting, trivial space. This pull is a strong movement and suddenly the hanging carpet becomes a flying carpet. In this specific, unique constellation, the objects show their vibrant matter, as Jane Bennett calls it. Louis has assembled objects that move with Deleuzian speed and allow me to hang out with them for a brief moment. I wonder if Louis really put together these objects, or if the objects actually assembled Louis?
Objects in a home – part 2
The idea that objects have an agenda upon which they act and influence humans is a provocation to me and to most people to whom I talk about this. After an initial expression of “No, that’s not true; that’s crazy!” my dialogue partners are intrigued and want to know more. But here is the issue: I don’t know more, I can only pose questions, I do not have answers. I can only continue to wonder “what if?”. What if I only believe to be in charge of the objects around me? What if I am blind towards an active world of things? How can I ever know? Where could be the entry points into this world?
I find an entry point provided by George Bataille in his text The Notion of Expenditure. He describes a way we interact with objects, give and take. His example is a sacrifice of money in return for “sexual love” when buying a diamond necklace (p.170). He points out that the beauty of the stones is not sufficient to want them. It’s the sacrifice of a big amount of money that provides the right thrill. But one could also say that the stones actively give the excitement to the buyer. What then, does the object gain? Attention and energy. Something key is happening in this transaction. People have died to fulfil a transaction as mentioned in the example. Could an object be an author of such a compulsion? Looking at this from a different angle, I can state that the all-encompassing element in these scenarios is space. What if the objects were not to have an agenda and a will of their own but the space around them instead? Objects, animals and humans constantly change their position to each other and thus change their space. What if it is in fact space that exercises influence over us? What are the consequences of this scenario? What happens to the hierarchies between objects, humans and space?
Let’s go back to the example by Bataille and add some cheesy details to it: A man buys a diamond necklace for one million euros and gives it to his woman as a present. In return, he receives the thankful reassurance of his manliness as a strong provider as well as sexual attention for a month. She might never actually wear the necklace because it is too expensive, and instead store it in her safe. If the necklace had willpower of its own would it not want to be a bit cheaper, so that it will be admired in public often or be bought by a museum to be on permanent display? I am imposing a human value system on the necklace, when I think that if I were a diamond necklace, I would not want to live in a safe, neither would I want to be part of a transaction of this sort. If on the other hand the space around the actors had willpower then this show makes more sense to me. Why would the space want this transaction? What would it gain from it? Why is it the best solution? I imagine the space cares more about general harmony and less about the destiny of a single object. The goal might be to keep a peaceful relationship between a man and a woman. It might not actually care but react on voids and flows of energy, filling voids and keeping balance between different flows. But then again, non-human entities must have their own value system that I cannot even begin to imagine.
At this moment my partner crashes into my room to tell me that scientists have found Einstein’s gravitational waves. A ripple of space-time matter passed earth, and it was measured! That sounds as scientific as it sounds mysterious and I wonder if this is a crucial underlying part of my undertaking: Logic and mystery go nicely together if allowed to be. Which leads me to the following temporary conclusion: The change in perspective of who or what acts is an insightful but difficult thought construct. Logic and mystery together can lead the way towards interesting questions and answers, which might not present themselves in words but come along in unexpected forms.
Sorting Guattari
When I read The Three Ecologies by Félix Guattari for the first time, I was struck by the depressive and pessimistic view of our society, which seemed to predict that everything was going to hell. Reading the text decades after it was written, it seemed that no solutions have been found, and if anything the problems have gotten worse. Guattari’s rampant writing style adds to the breathlessness with which I read. I got the impression that I could deal with his ideas better if I could cut out his rage, which is why I started rearranging The Three Ecologies. I cut as I read and piled up snippets of text in the categories: predictions of a chaotic future, descriptions of present problems, attempts at solutions, psychoanalysis. My attempt is not to analyse the concepts of The Three Ecologies but to be able to enter the text in the first place. As the text turned into little pieces, I realised how many ideas for solutions he offers, but they had drowned in the negative chaos when I read the first time. In fact, the pile with attempts at solutions is the biggest.
The part I named psychoanalysis is the clearest to read. It is well structured, lacks the rambling writing style, and I have hardly taken it apart. Why is this the only part of his Three Ecologies that I detect so clearly? This question stays with me, and I will have to read the text many more times before I will be able to answer it.
Guattari’s Tarot
My next approach is to mix the snippets of text so that I read them in a random order. I want to know if they still make sense, change their meaning or become unbearable. English is not my first language, and I have to look up more words now, as I cannot guess their meaning without context. Also, I develop wishes of how Guattari could continue to develop concepts in the missing parts of an argument. I have precise questions, which is new and satisfying. As I cannot possibly skim the text and make sense of a phrase mainly through its context, I need to read the phrases as singular expressions. A lot of the phrases turn into powerful statements, and I dwell on them trying to take in their magnitude. Does this happen because I add the lacking context in my head, just like a future predicting tarot card will always fit into the bigger context of my life? Have I found an entry point into the text and begun to grasp it, or am I fooling myself with a trick and in fact staring at a mirage? Am I getting closer to the text or further away?
Digestive
A reading method that I practice is to explain in my own words the texts I currently read. This slow and active approach to philosophical concepts helps me to understand the concepts better and creates a connection between theory and practice. When I give an account of a paradigm in my own words, I have taken the first step of finding my own expression for it, of braking it down into its units and making it accessible for me. Longhand writing supports this process immensely and slows it down even further. Connecting my own words to my praxis then is a natural step as the theory has already gone through my hands. I see it a bit like a digestive system. I take in lots of stuff, trust that my body and mind can deal with it and then give it a new expression.
One snippet of Guattari’s text really struck me. It seems important to my work, but I do not understand it and in order to get closer it, I paraphrase it. The quote is:
“I myself have come to regard the apprehension of a psychical fact as inseparable of enunciation that engendered it, both as fact and as expressive process. There is a kind of relationship of uncertainty between the apprehension [la saisie] of the object and the apprehension of the subject; so that, to articulate them both, one is compelled to make a pseudo-narrative detour through the annals of myth and ritual or through supposedly scientific accounts [descriptions] - all of which have as their ultimate goal a dis-positional mise en scène, a bringing-into-existence, that authorizes, ‘secondarily’, a discursive intelligibility” (p.37).
Accepting this ‘uncertainty’ opens a space for observation and a crack to dig my fingers in. I can try to elicit , put into words, what is in between object and subject:
The perception of a psychical fact is inseparable from an accumulation of expression that surrounds this fact. One cannot separate the perception of a psychical fact from the assemblage of expressions that surround it, “both as fact and as expressive process”. What does this part mean? It does not make sense to me.
To articulate object and subject one seems forced to look at myths and rituals which provide an almost-story. One can also try to legitimise one’s expressions through science. Both wish to create an authorisation of the expression of the difference between subject and object.
Each part of the conceptual toolbox needs further investigation and further exploration of the tools that I have begun to shape and use. Each part provided insights and thoughts around topics that are present in my artistic work and I hope to be able to connect them in a satisfying way. For now, I will observe the space and the objects around me, talk to them and listen.
Bibliography
Jane Bennett, The Force of Things: Steps toward an Ecology of Matter, in Political Theory, Vol. 32, No. 3, June 2004, 347-372.
Georges Bataille, ’The Gift of Rivalry: ‘Potlatch’ ‘, in Fred Botting and Scott Wilson eds. The Bataille Reader, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997.
Félix Guattari, The Three Ecologies, London: Athlone Press, 2000.
February 2016